Digitalization of pre-Columbian crania collections using 3D scanning techniques

Abstract

The current possibilities of virtualization of cultural heritage using digital technologies have a favorable impact on preserving, access and managing archaeological collections. The use of three-dimensional (3D) models of archaeological samples fosters engagement with visitors, stimulates new forms of learning, and revalorizes the exhibits. In the current study, we use a hand-held structured light scanner to create 3D reality-based models of pre-Columbian crania from the Caribbean and South American collections. The resulting 3D models were used for producing 3D printing replicas and animated videos. The 3D resources derived will encourage new knowledge through research and provide broader access to these pre-Columbian archaeological collections through learning and outreach activities. The significance of digitizing these specimens goes beyond the creation of 3D models. It means protecting these fragile and valuable collections for future generations. The methodology and results reported here can be used in other museums with similar collections to digitally document, study, protect, and disseminate the archaeological heritage. In the future, we seek to continue exploring the application of novel methods and digital techniques to the study of the pre-Columbian crania collections.